Which survey type relies on observed behavior rather than self-reports?

The correct choice is revealed preference because it focuses on actual behaviors and choices made by individuals in real-world situations, rather than relying on what individuals say they would do or prefer. This method uses data from observed actions to infer preferences and decision-making patterns. For instance, revealed preference might analyze the travel habits of commuters by looking at their actual routes, modes of transport, and timings, giving a clearer picture of their transportation choices.

In contrast, stated preference surveys rely on hypothetical scenarios where individuals report what they would choose under certain conditions, which can be influenced by biases and may not accurately reflect actual behavior. The other options, like optional feedback and survey-induced behavior, do not specifically pertain to analyzing observed actions in a systematic way, emphasizing self-reports or the potential effects of survey methodologies instead.