The likelihood of a crash and its resultant injury severity is a combination of which two factors?

The likelihood of a crash and its resultant injury severity is influenced by a combination of deterministic and stochastic factors. Deterministic factors refer to those elements that can be predicted with certainty; for example, traffic volume, road design, and weather conditions. These factors can often be measured and analyzed to forecast crash likelihood and potential injury outcomes.

On the other hand, stochastic factors are characterized by randomness and uncertainty, involving aspects such as human behavior, driver decisions, and unexpected road conditions. These unpredictable elements can significantly impact both the likelihood of a crash occurring and the severity of injuries sustained during an incident. Understanding the interplay between these two types of factors helps in thorough risk assessment and in the formulation of effective road safety strategies.

Considering the other choices, objective and subjective factors are important, but they do not specifically address the probabilistic nature of crashes. Local and regional factors focus more on geographical influences rather than the interplay of variables leading to crash likelihood. Quantitative and qualitative factors also play a role in road safety assessments, but they do not fully capture the deterministic and stochastic nature of crash probabilities and outcomes as effectively as the correct answer does.