Besides economic costs, what is the other type of person-level cost sometimes considered when valuing crash safety?

The consideration of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) costs in valuing crash safety reflects the impact of accidents on individual well-being and life quality. QALYs combine the quantity and quality of life lived, providing a measure that incorporates not just the duration of life but also the health-related quality of that life. When evaluating the consequences of road crashes, using QALYs helps to understand the broader implications of injuries and fatalities beyond mere financial aspects.

This method allows for a more holistic approach to understanding the human cost of crashes, as it emphasizes the importance of preventing injuries that can lead to long-term disabilities or reductions in quality of life. It is particularly useful in public health and policy formulations, as it helps stakeholders prioritize interventions based on their potential to improve both duration and quality of life for those affected by road incidents.

In contrast, non-economic costs, modified cost of living, and societal costs do address other relevant aspects but do not encapsulate the individual-level impact on health and life quality as effectively as the QALY metric does.